Its importance is to give the other particles their mass. The Higgs boson is a unique particle of the Standard Model. In collisions of matter and antimatter, they will annihilate each other and create energy, in accordance to the energy-matter equivalence. The antiparticle has the same mass as its matter counterpart, but opposite electromagnetic charge and other properties. In addition to the 6 quarks, 6 leptons and 4 bosons, there exist their cor-responding anti-matter particles. The bosons are the so-called force carriers, due to the fact that they mediate forces between fermions. They are usually also referred to as fermions. The quarks and leptons are the matter particles, that the universe is build of. The higher the generation the heavier the particle is. The difference between corresponding particles in different generations is their mass energy. third generation: Top quark, Bottom quark, tau, tau neutrino second generation: Charm quark, Strange quark, muon, muon neutrino first generation: Up quark, Down quark, electron, electron neutrino The Standard Model 7 consists of 16 elementary particles, which are divided into 3 groups: 6 Quarks, 6 Leptons and 4 Bosons/force carriers The quark and leptons are also devided in 3 generations: The last major addition to the Standard Model was the inclusion of the strong interactions in the 1970s. It is commonly known as the Higgs mechanism today and was incorpo- rated in 1967/1968 by Weinberg and Salam into Glashow’s electroweak theory, forming the basis of the modern Standard Model 5 6. Three years later François Englert and Robert Brout 3 and Pe- ter Higgs 4 independently proposed a mechanism, that would allow symmetry breaking. In 1961 Sheldon Glashow published ”Partial-symmetries of weak interac- tions” 2, in which he described a way to combine electromagnetic with weak interactions. In the light of QED Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills proposed a non-Abelian gauge field theory in 1954 to describe the weak interaction 1. QED describes the electromagnetic field and explains its effect on charged quantum mechanical particles. Quantum electrodynamics QED can be seen as the first Quantum field the- ory, it was popularised by Wolfgang Pauli in the 1940s. The Standard Model is a gauge quantum field theory and owes its modern form to many contributors in its history of development. Ħ Bibliography 1 Standard Model of particle physics 1.1 History of the Standard Model 3.2 Production and decay of the Higgs boson.
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